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发表于 2004-4-3 23:55:38
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N
name - v. to appoint; to nominate; to give a name to; n. a word by which a person,
animal or thing is known or called
narrow - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one
side to the other
nation - n. a country, together with its social and political systems
native - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
nature - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans;
events or processes not caused by humans
navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea
near - ad. not far; close to
necessary - prep. needed to get a result or effect; required
need - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
neither - ad. not one or the other of two
neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
never - ad. at no time; not ever
new - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or
grown; another; different
news - n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media
next - ad. coming immediately after; nearest
nice - ad. pleasing; good; kind
night - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there
is little or no light
no - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
noise - n. sound, especially when loud
nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person
for an office or position
noon - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime
normal - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected
north - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
not - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not going.")
note - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written to help
a person remember; a short letter
nothing - n. not anything; no thing
now - ad. at this time; immediately
nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place
nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them
together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms
number - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things
O
obey - v. to act as one is ordered to act
object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something not
alive that can be seen or touched
observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They
will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")
occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force
ocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the
earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water
of - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among
off - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or
continuing; not on; not connected
offensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking
offer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that which is
presented or proposed
office - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to
which one is elected or appointed
officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a
member of a police force
official - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an
organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government
or someone in power
often - ad. many times
oil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black
liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
old - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years
on - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book is on the
table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report on the meeting is
ready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.")
once - ad. one time only
only - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two dollars.")
open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret
operate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking
oppose - v. to be against; to fight against
opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way
("North is the opposite direction from south.")
oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or
power
or - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices
orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or way an
object travels in space around another object or planet
order - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the correct
or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws
organize - v. to put in order; to put together into a system
other - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more
("That man is short; the other is tall.")
our - ad. of or belonging to us
oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force
out - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in
over - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the world")
overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force
owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received
own - v. to have or possess for oneself
P
pain - n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body
paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a
colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
pan - n. a metal container used for cooking
paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing
parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane
or helicopter to the ground
parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special
event or anniversary
pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
parent - n. a father or mother
parliament - n. a government lawmaking group
part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something
party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of
people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to
go
passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot
or driver
passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country
past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former
path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought
peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation
("the American people")
percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")
perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without
mistakes
perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others
period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
permit - v. to let; to make possible
person - n. a man, woman or child physical - ad. of the body
physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy
picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or
representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a
camera
piece - n. a part of something larger
pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat
pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where
a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something
("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The
plan will not work.")
planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")
plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which
gets its food from air, water and earth
plastic - n. a material made from chemicals
that can be formed and made into things
play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an
instrument; n. a story acted in a theater
please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment
plenty - n. all that is needed; a
large enough amount
plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal
poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions
point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something
poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health
police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order,
and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions
in politics, economics or business
politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office
pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water
poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality
popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public
population - n. all the people in a place, city or country
port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can
be safe from a storm
position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a
job (or level of a job) in an organization
possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
postpone - v. to delay action until a later time
pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow
power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force;
force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.")
praise - v. to say good things about; to approve
pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give
birth to a baby
present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the
committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The
present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school
yesterday.")
president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an
organization
press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications
pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against
something else
prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening
price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale
prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one
must work hard for to get
probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
profession - n. a job that requires special training
professor - n. a teacher at a
college or university
profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that
activity
program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show
progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
project - n. a planned effort to do something
propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions
property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
propose - v. to present or offer for consideration
protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
protest - v. to speak against; to object
prove - v. to show to be true
provide - v. to give something needed or wanted
public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private
publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a
book, newspaper or magazine
pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force;
opposite push
pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is
bought
pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the
force; opposite pull
put - v. to place; to set in position
Q
quality - n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality of steel
is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their goods are of the highest quality.")
question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in
asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
quick - ad. fast
quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm
R
race - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest;
to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one of the major groups that humans
can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color
radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects
that may be too far away to be seen
radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy
from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
radio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air
without wires
raid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or
for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
railroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations
and equipment
rain - n. water falling from the sky
raise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase
rare - ad. not common; not usual; not often
rate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the
price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
reach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
react - v. to act as a result of or in answer to
read - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
ready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing
real - ad. true; truly existing; not false
realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are
reason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to
compromise
rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey;
n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country
receive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent
recent - ad. a short time ago
recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce
less and many workers lose their jobs
recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known
about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish
diplomatic ties with its government
record - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or
pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a writing that shows
proof or facts about something
recover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The police
recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normal conditions
("She is expected to recover from the operation.")
red - ad. having the color like that of blood
reduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better
condition
refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment,
danger or war
refuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something
regret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that
happens
reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe
relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family;
people connected by marriage or family ties
release - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
remains - n. a dead body
remember - v. to think about the past; opposite forget
remove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or
office
repair - n. work done to fix something
repeat - v. to say or do again
report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. the story
about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the
facts may not be confirmed
represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an
example
repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force
request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for
require - v. to need or demand as necessary
rescue - v. to free from danger or evil
research - n. a careful study to discover correct information
resign - v. to leave a position, job or office
resist - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent
resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually
reached by voting
resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold
responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the
report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.")
rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which remains; the
others
restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
result - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a cause;
effect
retire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
return - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government
rice - n. a food grain
rich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something
ride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle,
airplane or boat
right - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It is their
right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the
side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left
riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action
by a large group of people
rise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying
to a position of standing
risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury
river - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or
an ocean
road - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk,
drive or ride easily from one place to the other
rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
rock - n. a hard piece of mineral matter
rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning
gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a
weapon
roll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball
room - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls
root - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the
soil
rope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used
for tying
rough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well
round - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle
rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing
rubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a
similar substance made from chemicals
ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy
rule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that says how
something must be done
run - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking
S
sabotage - v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation
("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.")
sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or
another person
sad - ad. not happy
safe - ad. away from harm or danger
sail - v. to travel by boat or ship
sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the
taste of food
same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others
sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts
and on coasts
satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object
placed in orbit around the earth
satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
say - v. to speak; to express in words
school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn
science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge
gained about them
sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
search - v. to look for carefully
season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position
toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on
different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); a period during the
year when something usually happens ("baseball season")
seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a seat in
parliament")
second - ad. the one that comes after the first
secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad.
hidden from others; known only to a few
security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to
protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")
see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow
seek(ing) - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to get
("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Electric power
companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")
seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")
seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
self - n. all that which makes one person different from others
sell - v. to give something in exchange for money
Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries,
such as in the United States Congress
send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to
or away from a place
sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of
the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime
separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from
others; ad. not together or connected; different
series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time,
position or order
serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or
help
service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public
("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an organization or
business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air
force; a religious ceremony
set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
settle - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new
place
several - ad. three or more, but not many
severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
sex - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals are
divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which
humans and animals can produce young
shake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
shape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks
share - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging to,
given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of
ownership of a business or company
sharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or
pain
she - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about
sheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair
shell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and
explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
shelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives protection; a
place of safety
shine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright
ship - v. to transport; n. a large boat
shock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly affects
the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
shoe - n. a covering for the foot
shoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to
use a gun
short - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
should - v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We should
study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that something is believed
to be a good idea ("Criminals should be punished.")
shout - v. to speak very loudly
show - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story presented
in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education;
something organized to be seen by the public
shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value
sick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in
good health
sickness - n. the condition of being in bad health
side - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away
from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
sign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence
that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives
information
signal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a
message
silence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of noise
or sound
silver - n. a valued white metal
similar - ad. like something else but not exactly the same
simple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
since - prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we went to
school together.")
sing - v. to make music sounds with the voice
single - ad. one only
sink - v. to go down into water or other liquid
sister - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person
sit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to
become seated
situation - n. the way things are during a period of time
size - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is
skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal
positions
skill - n. the ability gained from training or experience
skin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals
sky - n. the space above the earth
slave - n. a person owned or controlled by another
sleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface
slow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other activities
small - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large
smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with
force
smell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the smell of
food cooking")
smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and
breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud
from something burning
smooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough
snow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter
or when the air temperature is very cold
so - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); also; too ("She
left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); as a result ("They were sick, so
they could not come."); conj. in order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we
can discuss the plans.")
social - ad. of or about people or a group
soft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
soil - n. earth in which plants grow
soldier - n. a person in the army
solid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form
of a liquid or gas
solve - v. to find an answer; to settle some - ad. of an amount or number or part not
stated; not all
son - n. a person's male child
soon - ad. not long after the present time; quickly
sort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way;
a kind of something
sound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that
which is heard
south - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
space - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and
stars are; the area between or inside things
speak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to others
and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
special - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more
important than others of the same kind
speech - n. a talk given to a group of people
speed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something
moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
spend - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.")
spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and
emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death
split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
sport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill
spread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
spring - n. the time of the year between winter and summer
spy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others secretly; a
person employed by a government to get secret information about another country
square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides
stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
stand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to
be in one position or place
star - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is
not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer
start - v. to begin; to make something begin
starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food
state - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation
station - v. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place where
passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts
statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood
or metal
stay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time
("They stayed in New York for two years.")
steal - v. to take without permission or paying
steam - n. the gas that comes from hot water
steel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
step - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. the act of
stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal
stick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them
together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult ("Something
is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece of wood still - ad. not moving ("The man
was standing still."); until the present or a stated time ("Was he still there?"); even
so; although ("The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.")
stone - n. a small piece of rock
stop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
store - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things
storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
story - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
stove - n. a heating device used for cooking
straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns
strange - ad. unusual; not normal; not known
street - n. a road in a city, town or village
stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more
pay or to make other demands
strong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is
formed or organized in a special way; a building
struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight
study - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine
carefully
stupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent
subject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
submarine - n. an underwater ship
substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used in
place of another
subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government,
usually secretly
succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
such - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
sudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without
preparation
suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness
sugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider
summer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
sun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others
supply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold
to others
support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others
and help them reach a goal; to approve
suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It
is supposed to rain tonight.")
suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from
being known publicly
sure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
surface - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the surface of
the moon.")
surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade
surplus. It exports more than it imports.")
surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n.
something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to
stop fighting and admit defeat
surround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or
something
survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal;
n. a person believed to be guilty
suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time
swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth
swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out
the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in the president.")
sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar
swim - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings
of sadness
system - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan;
a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or
goal
T
take - v. to put a hand or hands around something and hold it, often to move it
to another place; to carry something ; to seize; to capture; to begin to be in control
("The president takes office tomorrow.")
talk - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
tall - ad. higher than others; opposite short
tank - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns
target - n. any person or object aimed at or fired at
taste - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")
tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the
government can provide services
tea - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
teach - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to
understand
team - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
tear - v. to pull apart, often by force
tears - n. the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying
technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry,
transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or
thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.")
technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and
services
telephone - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice,
over distances
telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger
television - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures
and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a
distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver
tell - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command
temperature - n. the measurement of heat and cold
temporary - ad. lasting only a short time
tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
term - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a
responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the conditions of an agreement
that have been accepted by those involved in it
terrible - ad. very bad; causing terror or fear
territory - n. a large area of land
terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear
terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way
to influence a government
test - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by
studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine soon."); n. an attempt to
learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The
test of the new engine takes place today."); a group of questions or problems used
to find out a person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")
than - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not
equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")
thank - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did
something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")
that - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man is a
soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about ("The building that I
saw was very large.")
the - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is
known about or is being spoken about
theater - n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
them - pro. other people being spoken about
then - ad. at that time; existing; and so
theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something
happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven ("Other scientists
are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.")
there - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place
these - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken
about already
they - pro. those ones being spoken about
thick - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall is two
meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest is very thick.");
almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin
thin - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide;
opposite thick
thing - n. any object
think - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe
third - ad. coming after two others
this - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about
already
threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
through - prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to
bottom; with the help of; by
throw - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
tie - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins or unites;
links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade ties.")
time - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can
be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event
should or will take place
tired - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest
to - prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward
which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
today - n. this day
together - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
tomorrow - n. the day after today
tonight - n. this night
too - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary
tool - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work
top - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
torture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm,
to punish or to get information from
total - n. the complete amount
touch - v. to put the hand or fingers on
toward - prep. in the direction of; leading to
town - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city
trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity of buying,
selling or exchanging products or services
tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or
waterway
tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible
train - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an
engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another
transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people
trap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; n. a
device used to catch animals
travel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies
treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
treat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
treatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better
treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations
tree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is
true
tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do
something
trip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
troops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
trouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
truck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
true - ad. correct; not false
trust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
try - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she
is guilty or innocent of a crime
tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long,
thin container in which they can be kept
turn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form
or shape
U
under - prep. below; below the surface of; less than; as called for by a law,
agreement or system ("The river flows under the bridge." "Such action is not
permitted under the law.")
understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
unite - v. to join together
universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars
university - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and
research organizations
unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain
stops.")
until - conj. up to a time; before
up - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value
urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something
urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action
us - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he would
write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us yesterday.")
use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action
usual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard
V
valley - n. a long area of land between higher areas of land
value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money
that could be received if something is sold
vegetable - n. a plant grown for food
vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported,
especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms
very - ad. extremely ("He was very late.")
veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve
vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate
victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone
who is tricked
victory - n. a success in a fight or competition
village - n. a very small town
violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
visit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons
voice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode,
sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision expressed by
the voice, by hand or by writing
W
wages - n. money received for work done
wait - v. to delay acting; to postpone
walk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other
wall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a
structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
want - v. to desire; to wish for; to need
war - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
warm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat
warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that
may happen
wash - v. to make clean, usually with water
waste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a spending of
money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as
having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and
are passed out of the body
watch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
water - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and
oceans
wave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to
signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large mass of water that
forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
way - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
we - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I will go
together, and we will return together.")
weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite
strong
wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
weapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war
wear - v. to have on the body, as clothes
weather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or
cold
week - n. a period of time equal to seven days
weigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is
welcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something
develops
well - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in the ground
where water, gas or oil can be found
west - n. the direction in which the sun goes down
wet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry
what - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about something
("What is this?"); ad. whichor which kind ("He wants to know what you would like
to drink.")
wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
wheel - n. a round structure that turns around a center
when - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. during or
at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")
where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house where
he lives is in the old part of the city.")
which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people
("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take the test?")
while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at or
during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.")
white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow
who - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the person
or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")
whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces
why - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason for
which ("I do not know why she did it.")
wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
wife - n. a woman who is married
wild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised
by humans; angry; uncontrolled
will - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will hold talks
tomorrow.")
willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the
problem.")
win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or
battle
wind - n. a strong movement of air
window - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass
winter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
wire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or
electronic communications from one place to another
wise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and
understanding to make good or correct decisions
wish - v. to want; to express a desire for
with - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a tool.");
having ("the house with the red door")
withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove
without - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
woman - n. an adult female human
wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of
surprise
wonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially good
wood - n. the solid material of which trees are made
word - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
work - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the effort
used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn
money
world - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth
worry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can
happen
worse - ad. more bad than
worth - n. value measured in money
wound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; n. an
injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken
wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly damaged
or broken
wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
write - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper
wrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right
Y
year - n. a period of time equal to twelve months
yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun
yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit
yesterday - n. the day before today
yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I
cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining, yet it was
cold.")
you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to
young - ad. in the early years of life; not old
Z
zero - n. the number meaning none or nothing
zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study
COMMON PREFIXES
dis - not (dishonest, disobey)
pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)
re - to do again (reorganize, reunite)
self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action,
or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared,
self-appointed)
un - not (unusual, unhappy)
COMMON EXPRESSIONS
carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")
pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")
take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt
inflation.")
WORDS USED IN VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH
SCIENCE PROGRAMS
atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join
with parts of other elements
bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope;
some cause disease
cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals
chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes
compound - a substance containing two or more elements
dense - close together; thick
electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force
element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be
separated into other substances
enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without
being changed itself
fetus - unborn young
fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce
nuclear energy
fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to
produce nuclear energy
genes - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things;
genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic
acid
genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism
gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth
image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing
laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light
magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force
is called magnetism
molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist
nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from
the brain
nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell
nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there
are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic
acid)
nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow
organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain
organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope
particle - a very small piece of matter
proteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged
tissue
robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks
tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the
same thing
virus - a kind of organism that causes disease
x-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in
medicine
ORGANS OF THE BODY
heart - pumps blood through the body
intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach;
part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body
kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body
liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood
lung - takes in and expels air from the body
prostate - a part of the male reproductive system
stomach - breaks down food for the body to use
uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops
Please credit VOA Special English
& Voice of America in any reuse of this word list |
|
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